Future

1. In Vivo Studies

Antimicrobial Efficacy: Animal models, including murine pneumonia, infected cutaneous wound, and vaginitis, will be utilized to evaluate the antibacterial performance of antibiotic nanozymes across various tissue sites.

Safety Assessment: In vivo studies will be conducted to assess potential hepatotoxicity, immunogenicity, and plasma stability of the antibiotic nanozymes.

2. Targeted Antifungal Activity

Given that β-glucan is a key structural component of the fungal cell wall, antibiotics with specific affinity for glucan can be selected to enable targeted antifungal activity. These antibiotics will then be integrated with hemin to construct nanozymes, allowing for systematic evaluation of their antifungal efficacy in a targeted manner.

3. Clinical Translation

Compared with conventional antibiotic monotherapy, antibiotic nanozymes exhibit significantly enhanced bactericidal activity, enable dose reduction, and demonstrate the ability to reverse bacterial resistance. Future efforts will focus on collaboration with clinical institutions to advance therapeutic translation.

Is that all?

1. Preparation Scalability

his coordination coprecipitation process offers straightforward, efficient, and scalable synthesis. Its essential steps, including mixing, reaction, and separation, can be seamlessly scaled from laboratory to industrial scale, preserving process integrity throughout.

2. Economic Viability

The production process offers a primary economic advantage, deriving from the low material costs and ready availability of essential reagents such as antibiotics and hemin. This cost-effectiveness is further enhanced at an industrial scale, where bioreactors with precise control over temperature, pH, and agitation will ensure consistent product quality and high reproducibility without significant cost escalation.

Reference:

[1] Xu Z, He X, Gui Y, et al. Intrapleural pressure-controlled piezo-catalytic nanozyme for the inhibition of malignant pleural effusion[J]. Nature Communications, 2025, 16(1):1-13.

[2] Zhang S, Gao XJ, Ma Y, et al. A bioinspired sulfur-Fe-heme nanozyme with selective peroxidase-like activity for enhanced tumor chemotherapy[J]. Nature Communications, 2024, 15(1):1-14.

[3] Liu X, Wang Y, Zhang H, et al. Molecular architecture of chitin and chitosan-dominated cell walls in zygomycetous fungal pathogens by solid-state NMR[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2025, 122(11):e2417949122.

[4] Yuan Y, Chen L, Song K, et al. Stable peptide-assembled nanozyme mimicking dual antifungal actions[J]. Nature Communications, 2024, 15(1):1-13.

[5] Qin L, Gan J, Niu D, et al. Interfacial-confined coordination to single-atom nanotherapeutics[J]. Nature Communications, 2022, 13(1):1-10.